Ngokukhutshwa kwezibane ze-incandescent kumazwe amaninzi, ukuqaliswa kwemithombo emitsha yokukhanya esekelwe kwi-LED kunye nezibane ngamanye amaxesha kuphakamisa imibuzo ngoluntu malunga nokukhanyisa kwe-LED.Le FAQ iphendula imibuzo edla ngokubuzwa kwisibane se-LED, imibuzo malunga nengozi yokukhanya okuluhlaza, umbuzo kweminye imiba yezempilo etyholwayo kunye nemibuzo malunga nezibane zesitrato ze-LED.

Icandelo 1: Imibuzo ngokubanzi

1. Yintoni ukukhanya kwe-LED?

Ukukhanya kwe-LED yiteknoloji yokukhanyisa esekelwe kwiidiode ezikhupha ukukhanya.Obunye ubuchwephesha bezibane eziqhelekileyo zezi: ukukhanya kwe-incandescent, ukukhanya kwe-halogen, ukukhanya kwe-fluorescent kunye nokukhanya okuphezulu kokukhupha.Ukukhanyisa kwe-LED kuneengenelo ezininzi ngaphezu kokukhanya okuqhelekileyo: Ukukhanyisa kwe-LED kunamandla okusebenza, kuyacimeka, kuyalawuleka kwaye kuyasebenziseka.

2. Yintoni ehambelana nobushushu bombala weCCT?

Ubushushu boMbala oNxulumeneyo (CCT) lubalo lwemathematika oluphuma kwiSpectral Power Distribution (SPD) yomthombo wokukhanya.Ukukhanya ngokubanzi kunye nokukhanya kwe-LED ngokukodwa kufumaneka kwimibala eyahlukeneyo yokushisa.Ubushushu bombala buchazwa ngokwedigri Kelvin, ukukhanya okufudumeleyo (okutyheli) kujikeleze i-2700K, ukuya kumhlophe okungathathi hlangothi malunga ne-4000K, kunye nokupholisa (bluish) mhlophe malunga ne-6500K okanye ngaphezulu.

3. Yeyiphi iCCT engcono?

Akukho nto ingcono okanye embi kakhulu kwi-CCT, ihluke kuphela.Iimeko ezahlukeneyo zifuna izisombululo ezilungelelaniswe nokusingqongileyo.Abantu ehlabathini lonke bakhetha izinto ezahlukeneyo zobuqu nezenkcubeko.

4. Yeyiphi iCCT yendalo?

Ukukhanya kwemini kujikeleze i-6500K kwaye ukukhanya kwenyanga kujikeleze i-4000K.Omabini ngamaqondo obushushu endalo endalo, ngalinye likwixesha lalo lemini okanye lasebusuku.

5. Ngaba kukho umahluko ekusebenzeni kombane kwi-CCT eyahlukileyo?

Umahluko wokusebenza kwamandla phakathi kombala opholileyo kunye nobushushu bobushushu buncinci, ngakumbi xa kuthelekiswa nokusebenza okubalulekileyo okufunyenwe ngokusuka kwisibane esiqhelekileyo ukuya kwisibane se-LED.

6. Ngaba ukukhanya kwe-LED kubangela ukudakumba okungathandekiyo?

Imithombo yokukhanya emincinci eqaqambileyo inokubonakala iqaqambile kunemigangatho emikhulu ekhanyisiweyo.Izibane ze-LED ezine-optics ezifanelekileyo ezenzelwe usetyenziso azibangeli ilitha ngakumbi kunezinye izibane.

Icandelo 2: Imibuzo kwi-Blue Light Hazard

7. Yintoni ingozi yokukhanya eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka?

I-IEC ichaza ingozi yokukhanya okuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka 'njengobungozi bokwenzakala okubangelwa yifotochemical-induced retinal okubangelwa kukuvezwa kwemitha ye-electromagnetic radiation kwi-wavelengths ikakhulu phakathi kwe-400 kunye ne-500 nm.'Kuyaziwa ukuba ukukhanya, nokuba kuyindalo okanye okwenziweyo, kunokuba nefuthe emehlweni.Xa amehlo ethu etyhileke kumthombo wokukhanya olomeleleyo ixesha elide, icandelo lokukhanya okuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka kwi-spectrum linokonakalisa inxalenye yeretina.Ukujonga umnyama welanga ixesha elide ngaphandle kokukhuselwa kwamehlo yimeko eyaziwayo.Oku kwenzeka kunqabile nangona, njengoko abantu benendlela yendalo yokujonga kude kwimithombo yokukhanya okuqaqambileyo kwaye baya kuthi ngethuku bawathintele amehlo abo.Imiba yokugqiba inani lomonakalo we-photochemical we-retina isekelwe ekukhanyeni komthombo wokukhanya, ukusabalalisa kwayo okubonakalayo kunye nobude bexesha apho ukuvezwa kwenzeke khona.

8. Ngaba ukukhanya kwe-LED kuvelisa ukukhanya okuluhlaza ngaphezu kwezinye izibane?

Izibane ze-LED azivelisi ukukhanya okuluhlaza ngaphezu kwezinye iintlobo zezibane zobushushu bombala ofanayo.Ingcamango yokuba izibane ze-LED zikhupha amanqanaba ayingozi okukhanya okuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, kukungaqondi kakuhle.Xa zaziswa okokuqala, uninzi lweemveliso ze-LED bezithande ukuba nobushushu bombala opholileyo.Abanye baye bagqiba ngempazamo ukuba olu yayiluphawu olwakhelwe ngaphakathi lwe-LED.Kule mihla, izibane ze-LED zifumaneka kuwo wonke amaqondo obushushu bemibala, ukusuka kumhlophe ofudumeleyo ukuya kupholile, kwaye zikhuselekile ukuba zisetyenziselwe injongo eyenzelwe yona.Iimveliso ezenziwe ngamalungu e-Lighting Europe zithobela imigangatho yokhuseleko yaseYurophu.

9. Yeyiphi imigangatho yokhuseleko esebenza kwimitha yokukhanya evela kwimithombo yokukhanya kwi-EU?

I-General Product Safety Directive 2001/95/EC kunye ne-Low Voltage Directive 2014/35/EU ifuna njengemigaqo yokhuseleko ukuba ngemithombo yokukhanya kunye nezibane akukho bungozi obuvela kwimitha.EYurophu, i-EN 62471 ngumgangatho wokhuseleko lwemveliso kwizibane kunye neenkqubo zesibane kwaye ihambelana phantsi kwemigaqo yokhuseleko yaseYurophu EN 62471, esekwe kumgangatho wezizwe ngezizwe we-IEC 62471, ihlela imithombo yokukhanya kuQela loMngcipheko 0, 1, 2 kunye no-3 ( ukusuka kwi-0 = akukho mngcipheko ukuya kwi-3 = ingozi enkulu) kwaye ibonelela ngezilumkiso kunye nezilumkiso kubathengi ukuba kuyimfuneko.Iimveliso eziqhelekileyo zabathengi zikwezona ndidi zomngcipheko ophantsi kwaye zikhuselekile ukuba zingasetyenziswa.

10.Ngaba ulwahlulo lweqela elisemngciphekweni kwi-Blue Light Hazard kufuneka lumiselwe?

Uxwebhu lwe-IEC TR 62778 lunika isikhokelo malunga nendlela yokumisela ukuhlelwa kweqela lomngcipheko kwiimveliso zokukhanyisa.Ikwanika isikhokelo malunga nendlela yokumisela ukuhlelwa kweqela lomngcipheko kumacandelo okukhanyisa, njengee-LED kunye neemodyuli ze-LED kunye nokuba ulwahlulo lweqela lomngcipheko lunokudluliselwa njani kwimveliso yokugqibela.Ukwenza kube lula ukuvavanya imveliso yokugqibela ngokusekelwe kumlinganiselo wamacandelo ayo ngaphandle kwemfuneko yemilinganiselo eyongezelelweyo.

11.Ngaba ukukhanya kwe-LED kuba yingozi ebomini ngenxa yokuguga kwephosphor?

Imigangatho yokhuseleko yaseYurophu ihlela iimveliso ngokweendidi zomngcipheko.Iimveliso eziqhelekileyo zabathengi zikwinqanaba lomngcipheko ophantsi.Ukuhlelwa ngokwamaqela omngcipheko akutshintshi kwi-LIGHTINGEUROPE IPHEPHA 3 KWA-5 ubomi bemveliso.Ngaphandle koko, nangona i-phosphor ephuzi iyancipha, ubuninzi bokukhanya okuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka kwimveliso ye-LED ayiyi kutshintsha.Akulindelekanga ukuba isixa esipheleleyo sokukhanya okuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka okuphuma kwi-LED kuya kunyuka ngenxa yokuthotywa kubomi bephosphor emthubi.Umngcipheko webhayoloji wefoto awuyi kunyuka ngaphaya komngcipheko osekwe ekuqaleni komjikelo wobomi bemveliso.

12.Ngabaphi abantu abanovelwano ngakumbi kwingozi yokukhanya eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka?

Iliso lomntwana libukhali kuneliso lomntu omdala.Nangona kunjalo, iimveliso zokukhanyisa ezisetyenziswa kumakhaya, iiofisi, iivenkile kunye nezikolo azivelisi amanqanaba abukhali kwaye ayingozi okukhanya okuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka.Oku kunokuthiwa kwiiteknoloji ezahlukeneyo zemveliso, ezifana ne-LED-, i-compact okanye i-linear fluorescent- okanye izibane ze-halogen okanye izibane.Izibane ze-LED azivelisi ukukhanya okuluhlaza ngaphezu kwezinye iintlobo zezibane zobushushu bombala ofanayo.Abantu abanovakalelo lokukhanya okuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka (okufana ne-lupus) kufuneka badibane nomboneleli wabo wezempilo ukuze bafumane isikhokelo esikhethekileyo ekukhanyeni.

13.Is all blue light akulungile kuwe?

Ukukhanya okuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka kubalulekile kwimpilo yethu kunye nokuphila kakuhle, ngakumbi ngexesha lemini.Nangona kunjalo, ubuninzi obuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ngaphambi kokuba ulale kuya kukugcina uphapheme.Ke ngoko, konke kungumbandela wokuba nesibane esifanelekileyo, kwindawo elungileyo nangexesha elifanelekileyo.

Isigaba 3: Imibuzo ngeminye imiba yezempilo etyholwayo

14.Ingaba izibane ze-LED zinempembelelo kwisingqi se-circadian sabantu?

Konke ukukhanya kunokuxhasa okanye ukuphazamisa isigqi se-circadian sabantu, xa sisetyenziswe ngokufanelekileyo okanye ngokungalunganga.Kungumbandela wokuba nesibane esifanelekileyo, kwindawo efanelekileyo nangexesha elifanelekileyo.

15.Ngaba ukukhanya kwe-LED kubangela iingxaki zokulala?

Konke ukukhanya kunokuxhasa okanye ukuphazamisa isigqi se-circadian sabantu, xa sisetyenziswe ngokufanelekileyo okanye ngokungalunganga.Kule nkalo, ukuba neblue kakhulu ngaphambi kokuba ulale, kuya kukugcina uphapheme.Ngoko ke ngumbandela wokubetha umlinganiselo phakathi kokukhanya okufanelekileyo, kwindawo efanelekileyo nangexesha elifanelekileyo.

16.Ngaba ukukhanya kwe-LED kubangela ukukhathala okanye intloko?

Ukukhanya kwe-LED ngokukhawuleza kusabela kwiiyantlukwano zobonelelo lombane.Olu lwahluko lunokuba nezizathu ezininzi zeengcambu, ezifana nomthombo wokukhanya, umqhubi, i-dimmer, ukuguquguquka kwamandla ombane.Iimodyuli zokukhanya ezingafunwayo zibizwa ngokuba zii-artefacts zokukhanya zexeshana: flicker kunye ne-stroboscopic effect.Umgangatho ophantsi wokukhanya kwe-LED kunokubangela amanqanaba angamkelekanga e-flicker kunye ne-stroboscopic effect enokuthi emva koko ibangele ukudinwa kunye neentloko kunye neminye imiba yezempilo.Ukukhanya okusemgangathweni kwe-LED akunayo le ngxaki.

17.Ingaba ukukhanya kwe-LED kubangela umhlaza?

Ukukhanya kwelanga kuqulethe imitha ye-UV-A kunye ne-UV-B kwaye kuqinisekisiwe ukuba ukukhanya kwe-UV kunokubangela ukutshiswa lilanga kunye nomhlaza wolusu xa kufunyenwe imitha emininzi kakhulu.Abantu bazikhusela ngokunxiba iimpahla, ukusebenzisa izithambiso zelanga okanye ukuhlala emthunzini.LIGHTINGEUROPE IPHEPHA 4 KWASE-5 Le migangatho yokhuseleko njengoko ikhankanywe ngasentla ikwaqulethe imida yemitha yeUV evela kwizibane ezenziweyo.Iimveliso ezenziwe ngamalungu e-LightingEurope zithobela imigangatho yokhuseleko esebenzayo yaseYurophu.Uninzi lwezibane ze-LED ngeenjongo zokukhanyisa ngokubanzi aziqulathanga nayiphi na imisebe ye-UV.Kukho iimveliso ze-LED ezimbalwa kwimarike ezisebenzisa ii-LED ze-UV njengobude bempompo yazo ephambili (efana nezibane ze-fluorescent).Ezi mveliso kufuneka zitshekishwe ngokuchasene nomda.Akukho bungqina besayensi obubonisa imitha ngaphandle kwe-UV ebangela nawuphi na umhlaza.Kukho amaphononongo abonisa ukuba abasebenzi beshifti banomngcipheko owongeziweyo wokuba nomhlaza ngenxa yokuphazamiseka kwesingqi sabo se-circadian.Isibane esisetyenziswayo xa kusetyenzwa ebusuku ayisosizathu sokwanda komngcipheko, lunxulumano nje kuba abantu abanakuyenza imisebenzi yabo ebumnyameni.

Icandelo 4: Imibuzo malunga nezibane zesitrato ze-LED

18.Ingaba ukukhanya kwesitalato se-LED kuyawutshintsha umoya wendawo ekhanyisiweyo?

Ukukhanya kwesitalato se-LED kufumaneka kuwo wonke amaqondo obushushu ombala, ukusuka ekukhanyeni okumhlophe okufudumeleyo, ukuya ekukhanyeni okumhlophe okungathathi hlangothi kunye nokukhanya okumhlophe okupholileyo.Ngokuxhomekeke kukhanyiso lwangaphambili (ngokukhanya okuqhelekileyo) abantu banokusetyenziselwa ubushushu bombala othile kwaye ke baqaphele umahluko xa kufakwa ukukhanya kwe-LED komnye ubushushu bombala.Unokugcina umoya okhoyo ngokukhetha iCCT efanayo.I-atmospheric inokuphuculwa ngakumbi ngoyilo olufanelekileyo lokukhanyisa.

19.Yintoni ungcoliseko lokukhanya?

Ungcoliseko lokukhanya ligama elibanzi elibhekiselele kwiingxaki ezininzi, zonke ezibangelwa kukungasebenzi kakuhle, ukungathandeki, okanye (ngokungathandabuzekiyo) ukusetyenziswa ngokungeyomfuneko kokukhanya kokwenziwa.Iindidi ezithile zongcoliseko lokukhanya ziquka ukuchasa ukukhanya, ukukhanya okugqithisileyo, ilitha, ukugcwala kokukhanya, kunye nokukhanya kwesibhakabhaka.Ungcoliseko lokukhanya ngowona mphumela uphambili wokufudukela kwabantu ezidolophini.

20.Ngaba ukukhanya kwe-LED kubangela ungcoliseko lokukhanya ngakumbi kunolunye ukukhanya?

Ukusetyenziswa kokukhanyisa kwe-LED akukhokelela ekungcoliseni ukukhanya ngakumbi, kungekhona xa isicelo sokukhanyisa siklanywe kakuhle.Ngokuchasene noko, xa usebenzisa izibane ze-LED eziyilwe kakuhle ungaqiniseka ukuba ulawula ngokufanelekileyo ukusasazeka kunye ne-glare ngelixa unempembelelo enkulu kakhulu ekunciphiseni ukukhanya kwe-angle ephezulu kunye nongcoliseko lokukhanya.I-optics efanelekileyo yokukhanyisa isitalato se-LED iya kuqondisa ukukhanya kuphela kwindawo apho ifunekayo kwaye kungekhona kwezinye iindlela.Ukuncipha kokukhanya kwesitrato se-LED xa itrafikhi iphantsi (ezinzulwini zobusuku) kunciphisa ngakumbi ungcoliseko lokukhanya.Ke ngoko, ukukhanya kwe-LED yesitrato eyilwe ngokufanelekileyo kubangela ukungcoliseka kokukhanya okuncinci.

21.Ngaba ukukhanya kwesitalato se-LED kubangela iingxaki zokulala?

Isiphumo esiphazamisayo sokukhanya ebuthongweni sixhomekeke kakhulu kubungakanani bokukhanya, ixesha, kunye nobude bexesha lokuvezwa kokukhanya.Ukhanyiso oluqhelekileyo lwesitrato lujikeleze i-40 lux kwinqanaba lesitrato.Uphando lubonisa ukuba ukukhanya okuqhelekileyo komntu okuveliswa kukukhanya kwesitrato se-LED kuphantsi kakhulu ukuba kuchaphazele amanqanaba ehomoni alawula indlela esilala ngayo.

22.Ngaba ukukhanya kwesitalato se-LED kubangela iingxaki zokulala xa ulala kwigumbi lakho lokulala?

Ukhanyiso oluqhelekileyo lwesitrato lujikeleze i-40 lux kwinqanaba lesitrato.Amanqanaba okukhanya okukhanya kwesitrato angena kwigumbi lakho lokulala angaphantsi xa uvala iikhethini zakho.Uphando lubonise ukuba i-LIGHTINGEUROPE evaliweyo IPHEPHA LESI-5 KWEZI-5 iinkophe ziyakucutha ngakumbi ukukhanya okufikelela iliso okungenani ngama-98%.Ke, xa silala namakhethini ethu kunye namehlo evaliweyo, ukukhanya okuveliswe kukukhanya kwesitrato se-LED kuphantsi kakhulu ukuba kuchaphazele amanqanaba ehomoni alawula indlela esilala ngayo.

23.Ingaba ukukhanya kwesitrato se-LED kubangela ukuphazamiseka kwe-circadian?

Hayi. Ukuba yenzelwe ngokufanelekileyo kwaye isetyenziswe, ukukhanya kwe-LED kuya kubonelela ngeenzuzo zayo kwaye unokuphepha iziphumo ezingafunekiyo ezingafunekiyo.

24.Ingaba ukukhanya kwesitrato se-LED kubangela ukonyuka kwengozi yempilo kubahambi ngeenyawo?

Ukukhanya kwesitalato se-LED kubangela ukuba akukho mngcipheko wezempilo onyukayo kubahambi ngeenyawo xa kuthelekiswa neminye imithombo yokukhanya.I-LED kunye nezinye iintlobo zokukhanyisa ezitalatweni zidala ukhuseleko ngakumbi kubahambi ngeenyawo njengoko abaqhubi bemoto bebonakala bebona abahambi ngeenyawo ngexesha nto leyo eyenza ukuba baphephe iingozi.

25.Ingaba ukukhanya kwesitalato se-LED kubangela ukonyuka komngcipheko womhlaza kubahambi ngeenyawo?

Akukho nto ibonisa ukuba i-LED okanye naluphi na uhlobo lokukhanya kwesitrato lunokubangela nayiphi na ingozi eyongeziweyo yomhlaza kubahambi ngeenyawo.Ubunzulu bokukhanya abahambi ngeenyawo ababufumana kwisibane esiqhelekileyo sesitrato buphantsi kakhulu kwaye nexesha eliqhelekileyo lokuvezwa nalo lifutshane.